What HVAC Energy-Efficiency Ratings Mean

Are you evaluating the efficiency ratings of new air conditioning and furnace systems? Perhaps you’re just curious to understand the rating on your current HVAC unit. Either way, you can determine the efficiency rating and expected annual operating costs by reading the yellow Energy Guide tag along the side of the unit. Below are some facts about the multiple ratings you might read and what they mean.

What Is a SEER Rating?

SEER is short for Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio, a measurement of air conditioning efficiency. The SEER rating is a calculation of the cooling output of an air conditioner over the entire cooling season, divided by the volume of energy used throughout that time. A higher SEER rating suggests greater energy efficiency and lower energy bills.

Presently, the minimum SEER rating for the latest air conditioners is 14 SEER in the northern U.S. and 15 SEER in the southern U.S. This is an improvement from the past minimum expectation of 13 SEER in the north and 14 SEER in the south, that was in effect from 2015 to 2022. This adjustment reflects the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) persistent efforts to lower energy consumption and carbon emissions.

Lately, high-end air conditioners tout ratings of 26 SEER or higher, providing incredible energy savings. Unfortunately, exceptional SEER ratings usually come with a higher up-front cost. Which means you should consider both the initial financial investment and the potential for ongoing savings when choosing a new air conditioning unit.

What Is an EER Rating?

Although SEER ratings get more attention, there’s another efficiency measurement you should know about. It’s referred to as EER, and it is short for Energy Efficiency Ratio. This indicates the performance of an cooling system under specific operating circumstances. The EER rating allows you to understand if the system will support the demand on the hottest summer days.

Presently, only the southwest area of the nation has a minimum EER rating of 12.2 EER for residential central air conditioners. Peak ratings top out at about 14 EER. Consider that SEER and EER for the most part correspond, with higher ratings meaning stronger overall performance.

What Is an HSPF Rating?

Heating Seasonal Performance Factor (HSPF) ratings are metrics that indicate the measurement of the energy efficiency of air-source heat pumps while in heating mode. HSPF is a percentage of the entire heat output in British Thermal Units (BTUs) throughout the heating season to the volume of electricity used in watt-hours. A higher HSPF rating means a more efficient heat pump.

The minimum HSPF rating for new heat pumps is 8.8 HSPF, a boost from the preceeding minimum of 8.2 HSPF. By demanding higher minimum HSPF ratings, the DOE wants to motivate people to use more energy-efficient heating systems in homes and businesses throughout the U.S. You can always settle for the minimum, but you may want to invest in a high-end heat pump with a rating of 13 HSPF or higher for the greatest performance.

What Is an AFUE Rating?

Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency (AFUE) ratings are another estimate of heating system efficiency, but they only relate to furnaces and boilers. AFUE is a percentage of the yearly heat output to the energy used during that period. The greater the AFUE rating, the more efficient the heating unit(s).

In 2023, the minimum AFUE rating for new gas furnaces has been modified to 81. Prior to this, the southern regions had a minimum of 80 AFUE, and the north required ratings of 90 AFUE or higher. While you aren’t required to install anything above the minimum, you’ll cut back on your utility bills by choosing a furnace rated 95 AFUE or higher.

What Is an ENERGY STAR® Rating?

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) launched the ENERGY STAR program during the Clinton Administration to help homeowners and businesses find the most energy-efficient products available. HVAC equipment, appliances, water heaters, light fixtures, office equipment, electronics and building products that have a minimum threshold of efficiency can earn ENERGY STAR certification.

ENERGY STAR-rated products perform well above the minimum specifications to save energy and decrease emissions without limiting performance or features. Additionally, you can look for the ENERGY STAR Most Efficient designation, which highlights the best performers in energy efficiency and innovation. The EPA is actually updating the qualification requirements in light of the new minimum HVAC efficiency standards.

Install an Efficient HVAC System

For help deciding which HVAC energy-efficiency rating is ideal for your budget, call Service Experts Heating & Air Conditioning. We can assess your situation and help you make an informed choice. Rest assured that we offer a range of products from today’s top brands, all of which satisfy or surpass the minimum efficiency requirements for 2023. We’re so sure you’ll be satisfied with our services that we provide a 100% satisfaction guarantee! For more information or to schedule a complimentary HVAC installation quote, please contact a Service Experts office near you.